What are the data breach notification laws in Arkansas?

A data breach is the unauthorized access or release of someone's personally identifiable information (PII), which is any data that could reveal an individual's identity.

Data breaches can happen if an employee clicks on a link in a phishing email, if a laptop or thumb drive is stolen, or if hackers break into a computer network. Accidental security breaches are another cause, such as misconfigured software that leaves data unprotected.

Every small business that handles credit cards or stores customer information is vulnerable to data breaches. IT consultants, healthcare providers, and financial institutions are among the industries with the highest risk.

Arkansas's Personal Information Protection Act defines personal information as knowing an individual's first name or first initial and last name in combination with one of the following:

• Social Security number
• Driver's license number or identification card number
• Financial account number, credit card number, or debit card number in combination with a password or other means of access
• Medical information or health insurance identification number
• Biometric data, such as fingerprints, voiceprints, or retinal scans

Any business that handles PII should invest in cyber liability insurance to mitigate costs in the event of a data breach.

Arkansas state law outlines when and how businesses need to respond to a security breach.

Businesses that experience a data breach must promptly investigate the likelihood that personal information will be misused by an unauthorized person. Residents must be notified as soon as possible if misuse occurred, or there is a reasonable likelihood of harm.

Businesses must report a breach "in the most expedient time and manner possible and without unreasonable delay." Notification obligations can be delayed only when they would interfere with a criminal investigation by law enforcement.

Arkansas businesses that experience a data breach must notify any residents whose personal information was compromised. The following methods are permitted: written notifications, notification by telephone, and notification by email.

For data breaches that affect 1,000 or more residents, the business must also notify the Office of the Attorney General, who then in turn will involve any additional state agencies.

Notices to affected Arkansas residents should include:

• The date or estimated date of the security breach
• A description of the personal information that was acquired
• Sufficient contact information for the business or entity, for any questions from residents
• Information residents can obtain from the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and the credit reporting agencies about fraud alerts and security freezes
• The toll-free numbers, addresses, and websites for consumer reporting agencies

To notify the Arkansas Attorney General, businesses must use the online Data Breach Notification Form. The form includes the name and address of the business, the date of the breach, the personal information involved, the scope of the breach, if and how residents were informed, and other relevant details.

Data breaches that impact healthcare facilities and healthcare professionals are regulated by federal laws. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) includes a Breach Notification Rule that requires notification after a breach of unsecured protected health information. Businesses must notify:

• Affected individuals
• The Secretary of Health and Human Services
• The media, if over 500 residents of a state or jurisdiction were affected

Under HIPAA, individuals must be notified by first-class mail, or by email if they've agreed to electronic communication, within 60 days of the discovery of a breach. However, for Arkansas residents, the law with the shorter timeframe applies, which means that individuals and the state Attorney General, if applicable, must be informed within 45 days of the breach being discovered.

The cost of a data breach can be significant, which is why cyber insurance is so important for businesses that handle personal data.

Notifying those affected and paying for credit monitoring can be expensive. You’ll have to investigate and fix your security weaknesses while suffering a possible loss of income, and government fines can also be costly. You might even face a ransomware attack, where hackers shut down your computer systems and demand payment.

Small businesses most often need first-party cyber liability insurance. Also called data breach insurance, this policy provides financial protection against data breaches at your business.

You can often add this coverage to your general liability insurance or business owner’s policy (BOP), which combines general liability coverage with commercial property insurance at a discount.

If you're responsible for another company's data security, then you may need third-party cyber liability insurance. This policy covers legal expenses when a client blames your business for failing to prevent a data breach at their company.

Because most tech businesses need this coverage, it's usually included with their errors and omissions insurance (E&O) in a bundle called tech E&O.

E&O insurance, also called professional liability insurance, covers your legal costs in the event that a client sues you for making a mistake or failing to deliver on a contract. Tech E&O extends that coverage to include lawsuits related to data breaches and cyberattacks.

While any business could be at risk of a lawsuit after a data breach, this coverage is especially important for information technology businesses, especially IT consultants, network security companies, and cybersecurity businesses that recommend software or are responsible for information security.

The Attorney General may impose civil penalties for failure to provide security breach notifications.

Violations under the Arkansas Deceptive Trade Practices Act can result in a variety of civil penalties or private remedies to those affected.

For businesses that store data, it's crucial to take appropriate steps to prevent data breaches. Arkansas's Personal Information Protection Act requires businesses to implement and maintain reasonable security procedures and practices to to provide consumer protection for their personal information.

Businesses are advised to safeguard PII through a variety of methods, such as designating one or more employees to coordinate a security program. It’s a good idea to conduct a security audit of the various types of personal information, unique identifiers, and other data elements you might have in your data systems.

Requiring strong passwords, security questions, two-step authentication, and access codes can provide reasonable data protection for your business and any service providers who access this information, reducing the chance of an unauthorized acquisition.

Complete Insureon’s easy online application today to compare insurance quotes from top-rated insurance carriers for cyber policies. Our licensed agents will help you find coverage that fulfills Arkansas's insurance requirements and protects your business. Once you find the right policy for your small business, you can begin coverage in less than 24 hours.